1.Maxay tahay ammonia nitrogen?
Ammonia nitrogen waxaa loola jeedaa ammonia qaab ammomonia bilaash ah (ama aan ion-ion-ion3) ama ionic ammonia (NH4 +). PH-ga sare iyo saamiga sare ee ammonia xorta ah; Taa bedelkeeda, saamiga cusbada amoonium waa mid sare.
AMIMIANY Nitrogen waa nafaqo ku jirta biyaha, taas oo u horseedi karta eutrophanication, waana oksijiinka ugu weyn ee wasakhaysan biyaha, taas oo ah sunta kalluunka iyo qaar ka mid ah unugyada biyaha.
Saamaynta ugu weyn ee waxyeelada leh ee ammonia in aquantics-ka ay bilaash tahay, oo suxufiyiintoodu ay ka badan tahay milix jir ah, oo ay ku kordhaan kororka alkalinity. Sunta ammonia nitrogen sun ah waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa qiimaha PH iyo heerkulka biyaha ee biyaha barkadda, guud ahaan, qiimaha sare ee PH iyo heerkulka biyaha, sunta rasaasta.
Laba qaab oo dareemi ah TITTRAS iyo qaabab korantada ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu go'aamiyo ammonia; Marka waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'ammonia nitrogen' ee amni-xanuunku aad u sarreeyo, habka wax ku-takoorka ee muxaadaradu sidoo kale waa la isticmaali karaa. (Heerarka Qaranka waxaa ka mid ah habka dib-u-eegida ee loo yaqaan 'FinEncy', Slicylic acid asiidhrophotometry, musiibo - hab qandaraas)
2. Nidaamka ka saarida kiimikada ah ee kiimikada iyo kiimikada
① Habka roobka kiimikada ee kiimikada
Habka roobka kiimikada ee kiimikada, ayaa loo yaqaanaa qaabka roobka ee khariidadda, waa in lagu daro magnesium iyo fosfooriska fosfooraska ama birta biyaha wasakhda ah ee loo yaqaan 'aquesium', oo ah xalka biyaha loo yaqaan 'magnesium phosphate', qaaciddada molonium-ka waa MGNH4P0P0P0P0P0P0P0P0IS, si loo gaaro ujeeddada looga saarayo amtrogen amtrogen. Phosphag amnium-ka, sida caadiga ah loo yaqaan struvite, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida qashin-qubka, carrada wax lagu daro ama dabka dib loo dhigto dhismaha qaab dhismeedka. Sinnaanta falcelinta waa sida soo socota:
Mg + + + + po4 - = mgnh4p04
Sababaha ugu waaweyn ee saameeya saameynta daaweynta roobka kiimikada ah ayaa ah pH qiimaha, heerkulka, uruurinta ammonia nitrogen iyo dawada amolar (mg +): n (p04-): n (P04-): n (P04-). Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in marka pH qiimaha uu yahay 10 iyo qiij ka mid ah ee magnesium, nitrogen iyo fosfooraska ay tahay 1.2: 1.2, saameynta daweynta ayaa ka fiican.
Using magnesium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate as precipitating agents, the results show that the treatment effect is better when the pH value is 9.5 and the molar ratio of magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus is 1.2:1:1.
Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in MGC12 + NO3SPO8.12H20 ay ka sarreyso isugeynta kale ee wakiilada kale ee miisaanka. Marka qiimaha pH uu yahay 10.0, heerkulku waa 30 ℃, n (mg +): n (NH4 +): n (P0: 1: 1: 1, ka hor daaweynta ka dib markii 17mg / L, iyo heerka ka saarista ay tahay 92.3%.
Habka roobka kiimikada ah ee kiimikada iyo habka xuubka dareeraha ah ayaa la isku daray daaweynta daweynta foosheeyaha foosha ee warshadaha ee warshadaha wasbiga ee amtrogen biyo-galeenka. Xaaladaha kobcinta geedi socodka roobka, heerka ka saarida ee ammonia nitrogen-ka waxaa la gaadhay 98.1%, ka dibna daaweyn dheeraad ah oo ay ku yareyneyso uruurinta ammonia ee loo yaqaan 'am'.005G / L, oo ay ku soo gaadhay heerka heerka-soo-saaridda ee ugu horreeya ee xubinta taranka.
Saamaynta ka saarista birta yar ee ION (NI +, MN +, ZN +, Cu +), Fe +) oo aan ahayn mg + am + am + amni-ka ee loo yaqaan 'fosfooraska' fosfooraska 'phosphate' Geedi socod cusub oo ah CASO4 Roodhista roobka roobka ayaa loo soo bandhigay ammonium sulfate gantaal. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in Xeerka Dhaqdhaqaaqa 'ee' '' 'lagu beddeli karo lime.
Faa'iidada habka roobka kiimikada ah ayaa ah in markii ay uruurineyso ammonia nitrogen Wattesiter, habka qaabka bayoolojiga, habka kala goynta xuubka, habka 'itm', habka roobka ee kiimikada ayaa loo isticmaali karaa daaweynta-hore. Waxqabadka ka saarista ee habka roobka kiimikada ayaa ka fiican, oo aan lagu xadidnayn heerkulka, qalliinkana waa sahlan yahay. Dheecaanka qashinka ee ay ku jiraan magnesium anshax-damiska waxaa loo isticmaali karaa bacrimin isku dhafan si loo ogaado qashinka qashinka, sidaa darteed qayb ka mid ah qiimaha; Haddii lagu dari karo qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha warshadaha ee soo saara fosfooraska biyaha iyo shirkadaha soo saara brine milix, waxay badbaadin kartaa kharashyada dawooyinka, waxayna u fududeyn kartaa arji baaxad weyn.
Faa'iido darrooyinka habka roobka kiimikada ayaa ah in ay sabab u tahay xayiraada wax soo saarka xoolaha ee loo yaqaan 'magnesium magnesium', ka dib markii wasakhda loo yaqaan 'amnium' ee wasakhda ah ee wasakhda ah ma cadda, kharashka ka saarida ah si weyn ayaa loo kordhiyaa. Sidaa darteed, habka roobka kiimikada ee kiimikada ah waa in loo istcimaalaa isku darka qaabab kale oo ku habboon daaweynta sare. Qaddarka dib-u-soo-celinta la isticmaalay waa weyn yahay, gogosha la soo saaray waa mid weyn, iyo qiimaha daaweynta ayaa sare. Soo bandhigida ionga chloride iyo verosfooraska hadhaaga inta lagu gudajiro kiimikada ayaa si fudud sababi kara wasakhowga labaad.
Woresale aluminium Soo-saare iyo alaab-qeybiye | Everbroght (Cnechemist.com)
Woresale Dibasic Dibasic Sochoxphate Polosphate iyo alaab-qeybiye | Everbroght (Cnechemist.com)
②Blow ka bax hab
Ka saarida ammonia nitrogen ee habka loo afuufo waa in la hagaajiyo qiimaha pH-ga alkaline, si ay ugu badan tahay in bilihii amnia-ka laga soo saaro gaaska gaaska, si loo gaaro ujeeddada xamuulka qaadista. Sababaha ugu waaweyn ee saameeya hufnaanta ay afuufto waa qiimaha pH, heerkulka, saamiga dareeraha gaaska, heerka socodka gaaska, feejignaanta bilowga ah iyo wixii la mid ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka afuufa ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa daaweynta wasakhda wasakhda leh ee uruurinta sare ee amtrogen.
Ka saarida ammonia nitrogen oo ka socota xaashida qashin-qubka ee hab lagu afuufo ayaa la bartay. Waxaa la ogaaday in sababaha ugu muhiimsan ee xakameynaya hufnaanta ka-hortagga ay ahaayeen heerkul, cabir dareere ah iyo qiiqa gaaska iyo qiimaha pH. Marka heerkulka biyuhu ka badan yahay 2590, saamiga gaaska ayaa qiyaastii ah 3500, frkuna waa 10,5, heerka ka saarista wuxuu la xiriiri karaa in ka badan 90% qashinka qanjidhada ah ee la-talinta ammonia nitrogen in ka badan 2000-4000mg / l. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in markii PH = 11.5, heerkulka isku-dhafka ah uu yahay 80CC oo waqti ku dhufasho waa 120mc, heerka ka saarista ah ee ka saarista dadka bitrogen ah ayaa gaari kara 99.2%.
Wax-ka-tarida hufnaanta u fiirsashada ee uruurinta sare ee amninia Nitrogen Watchew Watchew ayaa lagu fuliyay is-afgaradka is-afgaradka. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in hufnaanta ay ka baxdo ay la sii kordheyso kordhinta qiimaha pH. Isugeynta saamiga gaaska ayaa ah, xoogga weyn ee wareejinta ammonia ee wareejinta guud ee la wareejinayo ayaa sidoo kale kordhaya waxtarka.
Ka kaxaynta ammonia nitrogen iyada oo habka la afuufo waa mid wax ku ool ah, fududahay in la shaqeeyo oo la xakameeyo. Amitrogen-ka amni-ga ee afuura, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa camal-ka-qaadidda sulfuric acid, oo lacagta salfurric acid ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa bacrimin ahaan. Qaabka ka-dhaca ayaa ah teknolojiyad caadi ah oo loo isticmaalo ka saarida jirka iyo kiimikada ee xilligan la joogo. Si kastaba ha noqotee, habka dharbaaxada leh wuxuu leeyahay xoogaa faa'iido darro ah, sida kor u qaadista isdabajoogta ee munaaradda damiirka ah, oo ah ka saarida amni-ga ee raaxada ee ammonia ee heerkulka hooseeya, iyo wasakheynta sare ee ay sababaan gaaska daadadka. Qaabka loo afuufo ayaa guud ahaan lagu daray wadooyinka kale ee ammonia nitrogen biyo-galeen si loo barbar dhigo xoog-u-imaatinka amnia nitrogen biyo-galeenka.
③bel dhibic kontoroolka
Qaababka ka saarida ammonia ee jabinta dhibicda kontoroolka ayaa ah in gaaska koloriinta uu ka falgalo ammoniya si ay u soo saarto gaas nitrogen ah, oo ay u baxsadaan jawiga, taas oo ka dhigaya isha falcelinta ee ku sii wado dhanka midig. Qaaciddada falcelinta waa:
Hocl NH4 + 1.5 -> 0.5 n2 h + + +5 +5 +5 +5)
Marka gaaska chlorine-ka loo beddelo wasakhda wasakhda ah, waxa ku jira koloriin bilaash ah ee biyaha ayaa hooseysa, iyo uruurinta ammonia waa eber. Marka qadarka gaaska koloriinta uu dhaafo qodobka, xaddiga koloriin bilaash ah ee biyaha ayaa kordha, sidaa darteed, ujeedada waxaa loo yaqaanaa dhibcaha jabinta, iyo koloriin ku sugan gobolkan waxaa lagu magacaabaa koloriin jabsiga.
Qaabka jabsiga dhibcaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo wasakhda qodashada ka dib markii uu afuufayo ammonia nitrogen, oo saameynta daaweyntu waxay si toos ah u saameysaa ka-hortagga nabadgelyada ammonia nitrogen-ka namaamaynta amnia. Markii 70% ee amnioniya ee bitrogen-ka wasakhda ah ay ka saaraan geedi socodka ka dibna lagu daaweeyo broloring nus-ka, uruurinta ballaaran ee ammuniya ee firfircoonaanta ayaa ka yar 15mg / l. Zhang Shrengli et al. Waxay qaadatay ammonia nitrogen biyo sare oo ay ku jirto 100mg / l sida sheyga cilmi baarista, iyo natiijooyinka cilmi baaristu ay saameeyeen ka saarida tirada amnionia ee 'chlorine' ee chlorine ah, waqtiga falcelinta, iyo qiimaha.
Habka is-ridda ee jabka ee jabinta ayaa leh ka saaridda nitrogen-ka sareeya, heerka ka saarista ayaa gaari kara 100%, iyo uruurinta ammonia ee wasakhda biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa laga dhimi karaa eber. Saameyntu waa xasilloon tahay mana saameyso heerkulka; Qalabka maalgashiga yar, deg deg ah oo dhammaystiran; Waxay leedahay saamaynta jeermis-ka-qaadista iyo jeermiska biyaha. Baaxadda loo adeegsado habka jabinta ee habka jabitaanku waa in ururinta amrogen ee ammenonia ah ay ka yar tahay 40mg / L, sidaa darteed habka kala-goynta celceliska ah waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta heerka sare ee amtrogen wasakhda. Shuruudda isticmaalka nabdoon iyo kaydinta ayaa sare u sarreeya, qiimaha daaweynta ayaa sare u sarreeya, iyo koloraafiyada kloramines iyo unugyada koloriinku waxay sababi karaan wasakhowga labaad.
Habka loo yaqaan 'oxidalytic'
Qaabka loo yaqaan 'catalytic' ee loo yaqaan 'cloattic octopicic' ayaa loo marayaa ficil ka dhalata, heerkul gaar ah iyo cadaadis, iyada oo loo marayo wasakhda dabiiciga ah ee wasakhda leh sida CO2, N2 iyo H2O, si loo gaaro ujeedada nadiifinta.
Sababaha saameeya saameynta ay soosaarta ushaqeeyaan waa astaamaha loo yaqaan 'ulgalspisic', heerkulka, waqtiga falcelinta, qiimaha ph, fekerka amnia, cadaadiska, xoojinta iyo wixii la mid ah.
Geedi socodka nabaad-guurka ee amninia oo caano ah ayaa la bartay. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in markii qiimaha PH la kordhiyo, oo ah nooc asal ahaan leh oo leh awood hufan oo hufan lagu soo saaray, waxaana si weyn loo dadajiyay. Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in Ozone-ka uu ka qaadi karo ammonia nitrogen ilaa nitrite iyo nitrite si nitriterka. U fiirsashada ammonia nitrogen oo biyo ah ayaa hoos udhaca waqtiga kororka, iyo heerka ka saarida ee ammonia nitrogen waa 82%. Cuo-MN02-CE02 Waxaa loo adeegsaday inuu yahay cunno isku dhafan oo lagu daweeyo ammonia nitrogen biyo-galeen. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujineysaa in nashaadka muuqaalka ah ee keenista cunsuriyada cusub ee loo diyaariyey si weyn loo hagaajinayo, xaaladaha habka haboonna waa 255 ℃, 4.2mpa iyo PH = 10.8. Markii lagu daweeyey daweynta amninia ee loo yaqaan 'amtrogen' oo ah uruurinta koowaad ee 1023mg / l, heerka ka saarida ee ammonia nitrogen-ka ayaa gaari kara 98% 150m / LIMENT / L).
Waxqabadka dib-u-dhigga ee Zeolite wuxuu taageeray sawir-gacmeedka Tio2 waxaa baaray isagoo baranaya heerka sharafta ee ammonia nitrogen xalka acid ee sulfuric acid acid. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in qiyaasta ugu habboon ee sawir-qaadista ti02 / zeolite-ka ay tahay 1.5g / L iyo waqtiga falcelinta waa 4h ka hooseysa haraaga imaatinka ultraviolet. Heerka ka saarida ammonia nitrogen oo ka socota biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa gaari kara 98.92%. Saamaynta ka saarida birta sare iyo nano-goiodide ee hoostiisa ku jira iftiinka ultraviolet ee 'Phenol iyo ammonia nitrogen' ayaa la bartay. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in heerka ka saarida ammonia nitrogen ay tahay 97.5% marka PH = 9.0 ay ka codsanayso xalka amni-ka ee amni / L, oo ka sarreeya kan birta birta ama chene dioxide.
Qaabka loo yaqaan 'catalytic oktication' wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka hufnaanta sare ee isdaahirinta, geedi socodka fudud, aag yar, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo in lagu daweeyo xoojinta sare ee amnia nitrogen wasakhda. Dhibaatada arjiga waa sida looga hortago luminta cunsuriyada iyo ilaalinta qaraabada qalabka.
Habka loo yaqaan '⑤electrochemication'
Qaabka elektaroonigga ah ee electroemical-ka waxaa loola jeedaa habka looga saarayo wasakhooyinka biyaha ku jira isagoo adeegsanaya midab taabtidh leh oo leh nashaadyada dadaalka. Waxyaabaha saameyn ku yeelashada ayaa ah cufnaanta hadda jirta, heerka socodka qulqulka, waqtiyada wax laga baxo iyo waqtiga xalka xalka.
The electrochemical oxidation of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater in a circulating flow electrolytic cell was studied, where the positive is Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 network electricity and the negative is Ti network electricity. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in marka loo fiirsanayo Chloridide ion ay tahay 400mg / L, heerka ugu horeeya ee amni / aml / min, waqtiga korantada ee elektrooniya uu yahay 90ml, iyo waqtiga elektaroonigga ah ee loo yaqaan 'ammontic' waa 99.37%. Waxay muujineysaa in oksikada elektrolytic ee ammonia-nitrogen Watsiater ay leedahay rajo wanaagsan.
3. Nidaamka ka saarida biochemical Nitrogen
Naqshadeynta oo dhan iyo diidmada
Awoodda hab-dhaqanka oo dhan iyo diidmada waa nooc ka mid ah habka bayoolojiga oo si weyn loo isticmaalay muddo dheer xilligan. Waxay ku beddelataa ammonia nitrogen oo biyo ah iyada oo loo marayo isdabajooyin isdaba joog ah sida wax-ku-oolnimada iyo diidmada iyada oo la raacayo ficilka loo yaqaan 'sheyga kale ee dareeraha ah. Geedi socodka wax-ku-takoorka iyo diidmada si meesha looga saaro ammonia nitrogen-ka waxay u baahan tahay inay dhex maraan laba marxaladood:
Falcelinta Naitricication: Falcelinta napriation-ka waxaa ku dhameystiray sheyga aerobic-ka aerotropicanisms. Gobolka Aerobic ee gobolka Inrgic Nitrogen waxaa loo istcimaalayaa Isha Nitrogen si loogu beddelo NH4 + in No2- ka dibna looxun yahay in NO3-. Habka loo qeybiyo waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba marxaladood. Marxaladda labaad, Nitrite waxaa loo rogaa amooniyam (No3-) ee bakteeriyada nafiifka ah, iyo nitrite waxaa loo rogaa amooniyam (NO3-) oo ay ku qoran yihiin bakteeriyada nafiiqa.
Falcelinta Diiwaangelinta: Falcelinta Diiwaangelinta ayaa ah geedi socodka ay ku qoslinayso bakteeriyada waxay yareysaa nitrite nitrogen iyo nitrate nitrogen-ka ilaa gaseous nitrogen (N2) ee gobolka hypoxia. Diiwaangelinta bakteeriyada waa sheterotroortoricans-ka, kuwaas oo badankood ay ka tirsan yihiin bakteeriyada Amphicicic. Gobolka Hypoxia, waxay u isticmaalaan oksijiinka nitrarawrate inay yihiin abbaaraha elekterka iyo arinta bullaacadaha (qeybta bullaacadaha) sida tabaruc elektero ah oo lagu deeqo tamar oo la xasiliyo oo la xasiliyo.
Geedi socodka oo dhan iyo codsiyada injineerinta ee loo diro inta badan waxaa ku jira ao, A2O, god god, iwm.
Qaab-dhismeedka oo dhami iyo habka loo diido ee loo yaqaan 'and diidgadaha' waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka saamaynta deggan, hawlgalka fudud, ma jiro wasakhowga labaad iyo qiimo jaban. Qaabkani wuxuu sidoo kale leeyahay dib-u-dhacyo, sida isha kaarboon-ka-baxa ee qashinka biyuhu aad u yar tahay, oo ah wax qabadku waa wax saamayn ah, oo loo baahan yahay in laga saaro ka hor inta habka bayoolaji loo fuliyo. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, uruurinta sare ee amninia ee wasakhda wasakhda ah ayaa sidoo kale leh saameyn wax cudur ah oo ku saabsan geedi socodka saadaasha. Sidaa darteed, ka-hortagga waa in la fuliyaa ka hor daaweynta heerka sare ee foosnaanta ammonia nitrogen biyo-mareenka si ay uruurinta amniate-ka amnia-ka ah in ka yar 500mg / l. Habka noolaha dhalay ee soo jireenka ah wuxuu ku habboon yahay daweynta xoojinta hoose ee ammonia nitrogen wasakhida oo ay kujirto arrin dabiici ah, sida bullaacadda gudaha ah, wasakhda kiimikada, iwm.
②Simant-ka dib-u-habeynta iyo diidmada (SND)
Markii laga yeero nitriticication iyo huftirid laguma sameeyo isla falcelin isku mid ah, waxaa lagu magacaabaa diidmada dheef-shiidka isku midka ah (SND). Oksijiinka kala diri ee wasakhda ah waxaa ku xadidan heerka kala-goynta si loo soo saaro hawo oksijiin ah oo lagu kala jaray ee dusha sare ee microbial-ka ah ee ku saabsan koritaanka iyo faafinta bakteeriyada jimicsiga jimicsiga iyo bakteeriyada faafa. Si qoto dheer u galay floc ama xuubka, hoos udhaca buugga oksijiinka kala diri ee oksijiinka, taasoo dhalisay aag anoxic ah halkaas oo ay diidaan bakteeriyada ay xukumaan. Sidaa darteed sameynta dheefshiidka isku mar ah iyo geedi socod diimeed. Sababaha saameeya dheef-dheerowga iyo diidmada ayaa ah qiimaha ph, heerkulka, alkalinity, ilo kaarboon ah, ilo ka hortag ah oo kala diri kara iyo da 'oksijiin ah.
Niyad-jabsi isku mar ah ayaa ka jirtay godyada sare ee mashiinka loo yaqaan 'oksijiin', iyo uruurinta oksijiinta ee kala go'ay ee udhaxeysa god-ka-dhexaadka si tartiib tartiib ah hoos udhaca, oo dibad-baxa hoose ee godka sare ee danta sare ee xiidmaha. Samaynta iyo isticmaalka isticmaalka nitrogen qayb kasta oo kanaalada ka mid ah kaynta ayaa ku dhow, iyo uruurinta amni-renel-ka marka loo eego, kaas oo tilmaamaya in wax alla wixii ay isku mar isku mid yihiin kanaalka sicir-galka.
Daraasadda ku saabsan daaweynta bullaacadda gudaha ah waxay muujineysaa in sare ee iskuxirka, sida ugu badan oo dhameystiran diidmada iyo ka saarida TN-ga. Saamaynta oksijiinka kala diri waaxda isku-duwaha iyo diidmada waa wax weyn. Markii oksijiinta kala diri waa laga xakameeyaa 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, wadarta guud ee ka saarista nitrogen waa mid wanaagsan. Isla mar ahaantaana, hab-dhaqanka iyo habka dayactirka ayaa badbaadinaya qalabka falcelinta, gaagaaban waqtiga falcelinta, waxay leedahay cunno tamar yar, oo ay sahlato maalgashiga, waana fududahay in la ilaaliyo qiimaha pH.
③short-ka-dheefshiidka iyo diidmada
Isla dhaceyna, ammonia oxidizing bakteeriyada ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qaado ammonia in nitrite xaalado aerobic ah, ka dibna ilo kaarboon dibada ah sida tabaruc elektor ah oo ka hooseeya xaaladaha cudurka 'hyporoy'. Waxyaabaha saameynta leh ee ka-hortagga nadaafadda-gaaban iyo diidmada waa heerkul, ammonia bilaash ah, qiimaha ph iyo kala diri oksijiinka.
Saamaynta heerkulka ee ku saabsan tafsirka mugaaraadka ah ee bullaacadda degmadu leedahay oo aan biyaha badda iyo bullaacadaha degmadu ku jirto 30% badadu. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in: bullaacadda degmadu aysan ku jirin biyaha oo aan biyo kordhin lahayn, oo kordhinta heerkulka waa mid ku habboon in lagu gaaro dhaqan-gaaban. Marka saamiga biyaha badda ee bullaacadda guriga ay tahay 30%, naitriminta-nooc-gaaban waxaa lagu gaari karaa si ka sii wanaagsan xaaladaha heerkulka dhexdhexaadka ah. Jaamacada tikniyoolajiyadeed ee Delft ee tikniyoolajiyadda ayaa sameysay Sharon Histraction, isticmaalka heerkulka sare (qiyaastii 30-4090) ayaa u horseedaya kordhinta bakteeriyada nitrite, si ay u xakameyso dadarka jajabinta, sidaa darteed falcelinta nawaayadda ee heerka nitrite-ka.
Iyada oo ku saleysan farqiga u dhexeeya laxiriirta oksijiinta ee ka dhaxaysa bakteeriyada nitrite iyo bakteeriyada nitrite, shaybaarka nabarrada ee dadka da '-galka ah ayaa soo saaray uruurinta nitrite nitrogen iyadoo la xakameynayo oksijiin nabar ah si loo baabi'iyo bakteeriyada naaska.
Natiijooyinka tijaabada tijaabada ee daaweynta wasakhda wasakhda ah ee nadaafadda-gaaban iyo diidmada ayaa muujinaya in marka loo eego 'tn iyo phenol', celcelis ahaan codka firfircoon, amni iyo phenol-ka 'tn iyo phenol' 197.1,14.2,181.5 iyo 0.4MG / L, siday u kala horreeyaan. Heerarka u dhigma ee ka saarista waxay ahaayeen 83.6%, 97.2%, 66.4% iyo 99.6%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Geediyadda nasiibka ah iyo habka loo diidayo ma dhex marineyso marxaladda amooniyam, iyagoo badbaadinaya isha kaarboon-ka ee looga baahan yahay ka saarista bayoolojiga ah ee nootrogen ah. Waxay leedahay faa iido gaar ah oo loogu talagalay ammonia nitrogen biyoal hoose oo leh cabirkiisu hooseeyo. Nabad-ku-ool-gadan oo gaagaaban iyo diididdu waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka jajabka jajaban, waqtiga fal-galka gaaban iyo badbaadinta mugga falcelinta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, wax-ku-ool-gadan iyo diididdu waxay u baahan yihiin uruurinta xasilloon oo waarta oo ah nitrite, sidaa darteed sida si wax ku ool ah loo xakameeyo waxqabadka bakteeriyada faafa waxay fure u tahay.
④ anaerobic ammonia oksidation
Anaerobiquempidation-ka anaerobic waa geedi socod toos ah oo oksidation ah oo ammonia nitrogen ah oo ay ku dhacdo bakteeriyada autoproph-ka ee hoos yimaada hypoxia, oo leh nitrogen ama nitrogen nitrogen ah elektaroonig ah.
Saamaynta heerkulka iyo PH ee waxqabadka bayoolojiga ee loommxox ayaa la bartay. Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in heerkulka jawaab celinta ee ugu habboon uu ahaa 30 ℃ oo pH qiimaha uu ahaa 7.8. Suuragalnimada ka-hortagga anaerobic ammox ee dawada lagu daaweeyo sayidka salafka sare iyo feejignaanta sare ayaa la bartay. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in sayidka sare uu si weyn u xannibay waxqabadka uummey, oo xannibaaddani dib loo beddeli karo. Waxqabadka anaerobic ammox ee jajabinta aan la isticmaalin waxay ahayd 67.5% ka hooseeya kan ka mid ah weelka xakamaynta ee ka hooseysa 30g.l-1 (NAC1). Waxqabadka loo yaqaan 'Camming' ee ku saabsan jajaban ee loo yaqaan 'wills' ee laxiriira ayaa ahaa 45.1% ka hooseeya kan xakamaynta. Markii la wareejiyay jawiga saqafka sare ee jawiga sareeya ee jawiga samada oo hooseeya (ma jiro brine), nashaadaadka anaerobic ammox waxaa kordhay 43.1%. Si kastaba ha noqotee, aragtida ayaa u nugul inuu hoos u dhigo hoos u dhaca marka ay ku socoto salaal dheer muddo dheer.
Marka la barbardhigo geedi socodka noolaha ee noolaha, anaerobic ammox-ka ka qaadista bayoolojiyadeed ee cilmiga nafsi ahaaneed oo aan lahayn ilo dheeraad ah oo kaarboon ah, oo aan loo baahnayn dib-u-soo-celin si looga takhaluso, iyo waxsoosaarka yar yar. Faa'iido darrooyinka Anaerobic Ammox-ka anaerobic ah ayaa ah in xawaaraha falcelinta uu gaabis yahay, mugga ka-faa'iideysiga waa mid weyn, oo isha kaarboon-ka-saarku waa mid aan ku habboonayn anaerobic ammox nitrogen-ka oo ay ku xalliso biolegradenaan la'aanta ammonia.
4.Sintida iyo Hawlaha Xaraashka Sawirka
① Qaabka kala goynta xuubka
Qaabka kala-goynta xuubka ayaa ah in loo isticmaalo qaladnimada xulashada xuubka si ay ugu xusho qaybaha dareeraha ku jira dareeraha, si loo gaaro ujeedada ka saarida amtrogen ee amninia. Marka lagu daro osmosis-ka dib-u-celinta, nanofilration,-ka dib udhaca xuubka xuubka iyo elektaroonigga. Sababaha saameeya kala-goynta xuubka waa astaamaha xuubka, cadaadiska ama korantada, qiimaha ph, heerkulka iyo uruurinta ammonia ee amtrogen.
Sida ku xusan tayada biyaha ee ammonia nitrogen Watchew, oo ay ka soo baxday Dhuxul Dhulka ah, tijaabada Osmosis-ka ee dib-u-eega ayaa la fuliyay NH4C1 iyo Naci simiyey biyaha wasakhda ah. Waxaa la ogaaday in la mid ah xaalado la mid ah, osmosis-ka dib-u-beddelka leh ee loo yaqaan 'Osmosis' wuxuu leeyahay heerka sare ee Naci, halka NHCL ay leedahay heerka wax soo saarka biyaha sare. Heerka ka saarida ee NH4C1 waa 77.3% ka dib daaweynta osmosis-ka cudurka osmosis, oo loo isticmaali karo sidii loo baryi karo ee loo yaqaan 'Part) Biyo-mareen. Teknoolajiyadda osmosis-ka dib-u-celinta ayaa badbaadin kara tamarta, xasilloonida kuleylka wanaagsan, laakiin iska caabbinta chloriinka, caabbinta chloriinka, caabbinta wasakhaysan ayaa liita.
Nidaamka kala-goynta nawaayadda ee nooleeshida loo yaqaan 'bioficrance' waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu daaweeyo shahaadada qashin-qubka, sidaa darteed 85% ~ 90% ee dareeraha la dami karo ayaa loo sii daayay sida caadiga ah, oo keliya 0% ~ 15% ee dareeraha wasakhda ah iyo dhoobada ayaa lagu celiyay haanta qashinka. Ozturki et al. Waxaa loola dhaqmay xaraashka qashin-qubka ee Odayeri ee Turkiga oo leh xuubka nanofileration, oo heerka ka saarista heerka amninia ee amni waxay ahayd 72%. Xuubka nanofiletration wuxuu u baahan yahay cadaadis ka hooseeya kan ka-hortagga xuubka osmosis-ka, fududahay in la shaqeeyo.
Nidaamka xuubka xuubka-ammonia guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee raaxada amniya ee sare. Amonia nitrogen-ka ee biyuhu waxay leedahay dheelitirka soo socda: NH4- + oh- = NH3 + H2O oo ay ku jirto wasakhda module ee xuubka xuubka, iyo aashitada-ka-nuugista aashitada ee module xuubka. Marka PH ee wasakhda ah ay kordhaan ama heerkulku kor u kaco, isu-dheellitirka ayaa loo rogi doonaa midigta, iyo ammoniaium ion- wuxuu noqdaa gaseous bilaash ah NH3. Waqtigaan, gaseous NH3 wuxuu geli karaa wajiga dareeraha ee dareeraha ee ku jira wejiga qashinka ee qolofka iyada oo loo marayo micropores dusha sare ee xalka godka, oo ay isla markiiba noqoto ionic nh4-. Hayso PH ee wasakhda 10, iyo heerkulka ka sarreeya 35 ° C (oo ka hooseeya 50 ° C), in NH4-ka C) uu si isdaba joog ah u noqdo NH3 ee wejiga wajiga dareeraha ah. Natiijo ahaan, uruurinta amninia nitrogen ee ka dhacaya biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa si isdaba joog ah u yaraaday. Marxaladda dareeraha ah ee dareeraha ah, maxaa yeelay waxaa jira aashito iyo NH4-, oo ay sameeyaan cusbo ammonium aad u saafi ah, waxayna gaarayaan feejignaan gaar ah ka dib wareejinta joogtada ah, oo dib loo warshadeyn karo. Dhinac, adeegsiga tikniyoolajiyaddan ayaa si weyn u wanaajin kara heerka ka saarida ka saarista ee amtrogen ee biyaha wasakhda ah, iyo dhinaca kale, waxay yareyn kartaa wadarta guud ee ka shaqeynta nidaamka daaweynta wasakhda ah.
Habka loo yaqaan 'Electrodiassis'
Elektrodiaysis waa hab looga saari karo adkaynta adkaha ah ee xalka aqueous iyadoo lagu dabaqayo koronto u dhexeeya lammaanaha xuubka. Sida ku xusan ficilka korantada, ionsonia ee ionsonia ee ku yaal ammonia-nitrogen-ka ayaa lagu kobciyaa xuubka ay ku jirto ammuni-gareynta ee ay ka kooban tahay biyo raacsan, si loo gaaro ujeedada ka saarida.
Qaabka elektrodialysis waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee inorganic iyada oo lagu daweeyo oo ah uruurinta sare ee ammonia nitrogen iyo natiijooyin wanaagsan. 2000-3000MG / L AMMOGEN NITROGEN Bitsiter, heerka ka saarida ee ammonia nitrogen-ka amni waxay noqon kartaa in ka badan 85%, waxaana la heli karaa biyihii amnia ee amni lagu helo 8.9%. Caddadka korantada la cuno inta lagu gudajiro hawlgalka elektrodialysis wuxuu u dhigantaa xaddiga dawooyinka amtrogen ee biyaha wasakhda ah. Daaweynta elektroniatic ee wasakhda wasakhda ah kuma koobna qiimaha pH, heerkulka iyo cadaadiska, waana fududahay in la shaqeeyo.
Faa'iidooyinka kala-goynta xuubka ayaa ka soo kabashada sare ee ammonia nitrogen, hawlgal fudud, saameynta daaweynta deggan oo aan jirin wasakhowga labaad. Si kastaba ha noqotee, daaweynta ku foogan ee foosheeda ammonia amtrogen wasakhda, marka laga reebo xuubka 'Xero', xuub kale ayaa fududahay in la miisaamo oo xirmo, iyo dib-u-cusboonaysiinta iyo dib-u-soo-celinta, kordhinta qiimaha daaweynta, kordhinta kharashka daaweynta. Sidaa darteed, qaabkani wuxuu ku habboon yahay ka-hortagga ama hoos udhaca AMMONIA NITROGEN Bitsite.
Habka Ion ee isdhaafsiga
Habka is-weydaarsiga ION waa hab lagu kalaagayo amninia nelwen-ka ah biyo-wasakhda iyadoo loo adeegsado agabyo leh xayeysiis adag oo xulasho ah oo ka jirta ionsonia ion. Qalabka xayeysiinta ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo ayaa shaqeynaya kaarboon, zeolite, Montmorillonite iyo isdhaafsiga. Zeelite waa nooc ka mid ah silica-alumida qaab dhismeedka sedex-cabbir, qaab dhismeedka caadiga ah iyo godad, oo ka mid ah rugta caafimaad ee ions-ka, sidaa darteed waxaa caadiyan loo isticmaalaa maaddada addoonsiga ee loo yaqaan 'amtrogen' oo lagu daro injineernimada. Sababaha saameeya saameynta daaweynta ee rugaha caafimaadka lagu daro waxaa ka mid ah cabirka walxaha, feejignaanta cudurka loo yaqaan 'amtrogen', waqti lala xiriiro, qiimaha laxiriira iyo wixii la xiriira.
Saameynta adsolite ee Zeolite ee ku saabsan ammonia nitrogen waa iska cadahay, waxaana ku xigay Rani, iyo saameynta carrada iyo unugyada ayaa liita. Qaabka ugu weyn ee looga saaro ammonia nitrogen oo ka socda zeolite waa ION isweydaarsiga, iyo saameynta xayeysiinta jirka ayaa aad u yar. Saamaynta isdhaafsiga ion ee dhoobada, ciidda iyo rasite waxay la mid yihiin saameynta xayeysiinta jidhka. Awoodda xayeysiinta ee afarta sheles oo hoos u dhacday oo ah kororka heerkulka inta u dhexeysa 15-35 ℃, oo ku kordhay kororka qiimaha pH ee xaddiga 3-9. Imaatinka addoonku wuxuu gaarey ka dib 6X-da qalooca.
Suuragalnimada in laga saaro ammonia nitrogen oo ka soo baxa litefatheb-ka-daboolka ee ay soo bartay xargaha zeolite ad. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in garaam kasta oo zeolite ah uu leeyahay awood xayeysiis oo xadidan oo ah 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, markii cabirka loo yaqaan 'zeolia', iyo cabirka walxaha kaynta ee amnia, ee loo yaqaan 'peeolite', ayaa kor u kacaya cudurka loo yaqaan 'am'. Heerka xayeysiinta, oo ay macquul tahay in zeolite sida adsorbent si looga saaro amtrogen ee amnite-ka. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa la tilmaamay in heerka adsusiya ee ammonia nitrogen by zeolite ay tahay mid hoose, waana ku adag tahay zeolite inuu gaaro awooda xayeysiinta ee hawlgalka hawlgalka.
Saamaynta ka saarista sariirta zeolite ee jiilaalka ee nitrogen, codka iyo wasakhda kale ee ku jira bullaacadda tuulada tuulada ee la sifeeyay ayaa la bartay. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in heerka ka saarista ee ammonia sabuuradda velolite-ka ah ay ka badan tahay 95%, ka saarida dhaqashada amooniyamka ah ay si weyn u saameysay waqtiga deg degga ah ee Nitralic.
Habka is-weydaarsiga ion wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka maalgashiga yar, geedi socod fudud, hawlgal ku habboon, inteensisity in sunta iyo heerkulka, iyo dib-u-isticmaalka zeolite ee dib-u-cusboonaysiinta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, markii lagu daweeyo xoojinta nabadgelyadda amnia nelrogen wasakhda, oo soo noqnoqota hawlgalka, sidaa darteed waxay u baahan tahay in lagu daro hababka kale ee daaweynta amninia ee amninia, ama lagu daaweynayo dareenka dawooyinka raacsan ee amni-nuujinta ee raacsan amninia.
WoleSele 4a Zeolite Soosaaraha iyo alaab-qeybiye | Everbroght (Cnechemist.com)
Waqtiga Post: Jul-10-2024
