1.Waa maxay ammonia nitrogen?
Nitrojiin Ammonia waxaa loola jeedaa ammonia oo ah qaab ammonia bilaash ah (ama ammonia aan ionic ahayn, NH3) ama ammonia ionic (NH4+).pH sare iyo saamiga sare ee ammonia bilaashka ah;Taas beddelkeeda, saamiga milixda ammonium waa mid sarreeya.
Nitrojiin Ammonia waa nafaqo ku jirta biyaha, taasoo keeni karta in ay biyaha ka baxaan, waana oxygen-ta ugu badan ee cunta wasakhowga biyaha, taasoo sun u ah kalluunka iyo noolaha biyaha ku jira qaarkood.
Saamaynta ugu weyn ee waxyeelada leh ee nitrogen ammonia ay ku leedahay noolaha biyaha waa ammonia lacag la'aan ah, taas oo sunteedu ay daraasiin jeer ka badan tahay milixda ammonium, waxayna kordhisaa korodhka alkalinity.Sumaynta nitrogen ammonia waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa qiimaha pH iyo heerkulka biyaha ee biyaha barkada, guud ahaan, qiimaha pH ee sarreeya iyo heerkulka biyaha, way sii xoogaysanaysaa sunta.
Labo hab oo xasaasi ah oo midab leh oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo si loo go'aamiyo ammonia waa habka Nessler reagent qadiimiga iyo habka phenol-hypochlorite.Titrations iyo hababka korantada ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa si loo go'aamiyo ammonia;Marka waxa ku jira nitrogen ammonia uu sarreeyo, habka titration titration sidoo kale waa la isticmaali karaa.(Heerarka qaranka waxaa ka mid ah habka reagent ee Nath, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation - habka titration)
2. Habka ka saarista nitrogen ee jirka iyo kiimikaad
① Habka roobka kiimikaad
Habka roobka kiimikaad, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan habka roobka ee MAP, waa in lagu daro magnesium iyo fosfooraska acid ama hydrogen phosphate biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka kooban ammonia nitrogen, si NH4+ ee biyaha wasakhda ah ay ula falgalaan Mg+ iyo PO4 - xal aqueous si loo dhaliyo ammonium magnesium phosphate roobab , qaacidada molecular waa MgNH4P04.6H20, si loo gaaro ujeedada ka saarida nitrogen ammonia.Magnesium ammonium phosphate, oo loo yaqaan struvite, ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sida compost, wax lagu daro carrada ama dab-demiska dhisidda alaabada qaabdhismeedka.Isla'egta falcelintu waa sida soo socota:
Mg++ NH4 ++ PO4 - = MgNH4P04
Qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya saameynta daaweynta roobabka kiimikada waa qiimaha pH, heerkulka, xoojinta nitrogen ammonia iyo saamiga molar (n(Mg+) : n (NH4+) : n (P04-)).Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in marka qiimaha pH uu yahay 10 iyo saamiga molar ee magnesium, nitrogen iyo fosfooraska waa 1.2: 1: 1.2, saameynta daaweynta ayaa ka sii fiican.
Isticmaalka magnesium chloride iyo fosfooraska disodium hydrogen phosphate sida wakiilada soo-dejinta, natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in saameynta daaweyntu ay ka fiican tahay marka qiimaha pH uu yahay 9.5 iyo saamiga molar ee magnesium, nitrogen iyo fosfooraska waa 1.2: 1: 1.
Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 uu ka sarreeyo isku-darka wakiilada kale ee soo da'aya.Marka qiimaha pH uu yahay 10.0, heerkulku waa 30℃, n(Mg+): n(NH4+): n(P04-)= 1:1:1, fiirsashada tirada badan ee nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah ka dib markii la walaaqo 30min waa la dhimay. laga bilaabo 222mg/L ka hor daawaynta ilaa 17mg/L, iyo heerka saarista waa 92.3%.
Habka roobka kiimikaad iyo habka xuubka dareeraha ah ayaa la isku daray si loogu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia.Marka la eego shuruudaha hagaajinta habka roobabka, heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia ayaa gaadhay 98.1%, ka dibna daawaynta dheeraadka ah ee habka filimaanta dareeraha ah waxay hoos u dhigtay xoojinta nitrogen ammonia ilaa 0.005g/L, iyada oo la gaadhay heerka qiiqa heerka koowaad ee qaranka.
Saamaynta ka saarista ion birta kala-duwan (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) aan ahayn Mg+ ee nitrogen ammonia ee hoos timaadda fosfooraska ayaa la baadhay.Nidaam cusub oo roobab CaSO4-MAP ah ayaa loo soo jeediyay biyaha wasakhda ah ee ammonium sulfate.Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in nidaamiyaha NaOH ee dhaqameed lagu bedeli karo lime.
Faa'iidada habka roobka kiimikaad ayaa ah in marka xoogga la saaro biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia, isticmaalka hababka kale waa xaddidan yahay, sida habka bayoolojiga, habka koloriinta dhibicda jebinta, habka kala soocida xuubka, habka beddelka ion, iwm. Habka roobka kiimikaad ayaa loo isticmaali karaa daawaynta ka hor.Waxtarka ka saarista habka roobka kiimikaad ayaa ka wanaagsan, mana xaddidna heerkulka, hawlgalkuna waa mid fudud.Dhirta degdega ah ee ay ku jirto magnesium ammonium phosphate ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii bacrimin isku dhafan si loo xaqiijiyo isticmaalka qashinka, sidaas darteed qayb ka mid ah kharashka;Haddii lagu daro qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha warshadaha ee soo saara biyaha wasakhda ah ee fosfatetada iyo shirkadaha soo saara brine milixda, waxay badbaadin kartaa kharashka daawada waxayna fududeyn kartaa isticmaalka ballaaran.
Khasaaraha habka roobka kiimikaad ayaa ah in ay sabab u tahay xaddidaadda badeecada solubility ee ammonium magnesium phosphate, ka dib markii nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah ay gaarto qadar gaar ah, saameynta saarista ma aha mid cad oo qiimaha wax soo saarka ayaa si weyn u kordhay.Sidaa darteed, habka roobka kiimikaad waa in lagu daro hababka kale ee ku haboon daaweynta sare.Qadarka reagent la isticmaalo waa weyn yahay, dhoobada la soo saaray waa weyn tahay, kharashka daawaduna waa mid sarreeya.Soo bandhigida ions chloride iyo fosfooraska hadhaaga ah inta lagu jiro qiyaasta kiimikooyinka waxay si fudud u keeni karaan wasakh labaad.
Jumlada Aluminium Sulfate Soo Saaraha iyo Iibiyaha |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
Jumlada Dibasiic Sodium Fosfate Soo Saaraha iyo Iibiyaha |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
② habka daminta
Ka saarista nitrogen ammonia iyadoo la afuufayo habka waa in la hagaajiyo qiimaha pH ee alkaline, si ammonia ion ee biyaha wasakhda ah loo beddelo ammonia, si ay inta badan u jirto qaabka ammonia bilaash ah, ka dibna ammonia bilaashka ah ayaa laga soo saaraa. ee biyaha wasakhda ah iyada oo loo marayo gaaska side, si loo gaaro ujeedada ka saarida nitrogen ammonia.Qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya waxtarka afuufista waa qiimaha pH, heerkulka, saamiga dareeraha gaaska, heerka socodka gaaska, diiradda bilowga iyo wixii la mid ah.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka dharbaaxada ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah oo leh xoojinta sare ee nitrogen ammonia.
Ka saarista nitrogen ammonia ee wasakhda qashin-qubka iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka dharbaaxada ayaa la darsay.Waxaa la ogaaday in arrimaha muhiimka ah ee xakameynaya waxtarka dharbaaxada ay yihiin heerkulka, saamiga dareeraha gaaska iyo qiimaha pH.Marka heerkulka biyuhu uu ka weyn yahay 2590, saamiga dareeraha gaaska waa qiyaastii 3500, pH-kuna waa 10.5, heerka saarista wuxuu gaari karaa in ka badan 90% qashinka qashinka ee qashinka ammonia oo leh xoojinta nitrogen ee ugu sarreeya 2000-4000mg / L.Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in marka pH = 11.5, heerkulka ka-saarista uu yahay 80cC iyo wakhtiga ka-saarista waa 120min, heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhdu waxay gaari kartaa 99.2%.
Waxtarka wax-ku-oolnimada biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia ayaa lagu sameeyay munaarad iska soo horjeeda.Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in waxtarka afuufista uu kordhay iyadoo la kordhinayo qiimaha pH.Weynaanta saamiga dareeraha gaaska-gaaska ayaa ah, way sii badanaysaa xoogga wadista ammonia xajinta wareejinta tirada badan, iyo waxtarka xajinta ayaa sidoo kale kordheysa.
Ka saarista nitrogen ammonia iyadoo habka la afuufayo waa mid waxtar leh, fududahay in la shaqeeyo oo si sahlan loo xakameeyo.Nitrojiinka ammonia ee la afuufay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa nuuga leh sulfuric acid, iyo lacagta sulfuric acid ee la soo saaro waxaa loo isticmaali karaa bacrimin ahaan.Habka qarxinta waa tignoolajiyada inta badan loo isticmaalo ka saarista nitrogen jirka iyo kiimikada hadda.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka dharbaaxada ayaa leh qaar ka mid ah faa'iido-darrada, sida xoqida soo noqnoqda ee munaaradda wax-soo-baxa, nadiifinta nitrogen ee ammonia oo hooseeya heerkulka hooseeya, iyo wasakhowga labaad ee uu keeno gaaska qarxinta.Habka wax-ka-qabashada guud ahaan waxaa lagu daraa hababka kale ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee ammonia nitrogen si loo sii daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia-ka.
③Koloriinta dhibicda jebisay
Habka ammonia looga saaro koloriinta dhibicda jebinta waa in gaaska chlorine uu la falgalo ammonia si uu u soo saaro gaaska nitrogen ee aan waxyeello lahayn, iyo N2 u baxsato jawiga, taasoo ka dhigaysa isha falcelinta u sii socoto midigta.Habka falcelinta waa:
HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)
Marka gaasta chlorine lagu wareejiyo biyaha wasakhda ah meel cayiman, waxa ku jira koloriin bilaashka ah ee biyaha ku jira waa yar yahay, xooga ammonia-na waa eber.Marka cadadka gaaska koloriinku dhaafo barta, xadiga koloriinta bilaashka ah ee biyaha ku jirta way kordhi doontaa, sidaa darteed, barta waxa loo yaqaan barta jabinta, koloriinta gobolkan waxa loo yaqaan koloriin-ka jabsiga.
Habka koloriinaynta dhibicda nasashada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee qodista ka dib marka la afuufo nitrogen ammonia, iyo saameynta daawaynta waxaa si toos ah u saameeya habka afuufida nitrogen ee ka-hortagga ammonia.Marka 70% nitrogen ammonia ee ku jira biyaha wasakhda ah laga saaro habka afuufida ka dibna lagu daaweeyo koloriinta dhibicda jebinta, uruurinta tirada badan ee nitrogen ammonia ee ku jirta dareeraha ayaa ka yar 15mg/L.Zhang Shengli iyo al.waxay qaadatay biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia oo la isku daray 100mg/L oo ah shayga cilmi-baarista, iyo natiijooyinka cilmi-baaristu waxay muujiyeen in arrimaha ugu muhiimsan iyo kuwa labaad ee saameeya ka saarista nitrogen ammonia by oksaydhka sodium hypochlorite ay yihiin saamiga tirada chlorine iyo nitrogen ammonia, waqtiga falcelinta, iyo qiimaha pH.
Habka koloriinaynta dhibicda nasashada waxay leedahay waxtarka saarista nitrogen sare, heerka saarista wuxuu gaari karaa 100%, xoojinta ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa lagu dhimi karaa eber.Saameyntu waa mid deggan oo aan saameyn ku yeelan heerkulka;Qalab maalgashi oo yar, jawaab celin degdeg ah oo dhamaystiran;Waxay leedahay saamaynta jeermis-diridda iyo jeermi-dilista jidhka biyaha.Baaxadda codsiga ee habka koloriinaynta dhibicda nasashada ayaa ah in uruurinta biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia ay ka yar tahay 40mg/L, markaa habka koloriinaynta dhibicda nasashada waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa daaweynta sare ee biyaha wasakhda ee nitrogen ammonia.Baahida isticmaalka badbaadada leh iyo kaydinta waa sarraysaa, kharashka daawadu waa sarreeyaa, iyo alaabta ka soo baxda chloramines iyo koloriin organics waxay keeni doonaan wasakh labaad.
④ Habka oksaydheynta catalytic
Habka oxidation Catalytic waa iyada oo loo marayo ficilka kicinta, heerkul iyo cadaadis gaar ah, iyada oo loo marayo oxidation hawada, walxaha organic iyo ammonia ee wasakhda wasakhda ah waa la oksaydhsan karaa oo la gooyaa walxaha aan waxyeello lahayn sida CO2, N2 iyo H2O, si loo gaaro ujeedada nadiifinta.
Qodobbada saameeya saameynta oksaydhka catalytic waa sifooyinka kicinta, heerkulka, waqtiga falcelinta, qiimaha pH, xoojinta nitrogen ammonia, cadaadiska, xoojinta kicinta iyo wixii la mid ah.
Habka xaalufka ee nitrogen ammonia ozonated ayaa la darsay.Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in marka qiimaha pH uu kordhay, nooc ka mid ah HO radical oo leh awoodda oksaydheynta xooggan ayaa la soo saaray, heerka oksaydhka ayaa si weyn loo dardargeliyay.Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in ozone ay oxidize ammonia nitrogen ilaa nitrite iyo nitrite ilaa nitrate.Isku-darka nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha ayaa hoos u dhacaya kororka waqtiga, iyo heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia waa qiyaastii 82%.CuO-Mn02-Ce02 waxa loo isticmaalay kiciye ka kooban si loogu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia.Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in dhaqdhaqaaqa oksaydhka ee kicinta isku dhafan ee dhowaan la diyaariyey si weyn loo hagaajiyay, iyo xaaladaha habka ku habboon waa 255 ℃, 4.2MPa iyo pH=10.8.Daawaynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia oo leh fiirsi hore oo ah 1023mg/L, heerka saarista nitrogen ammonia wuxuu gaari karaa 98% gudaha 150min, isagoo gaaraya heerka heerka sare ee qaranka (50mg/L).
Waxqabadka firfircoonida ee zeolite ee ay taageerto TiO2 photocatalyst ayaa la baadhay iyada oo la baranayo heerka xaalufka ee nitrogen ammonia ee xalka sulfuric acid.Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in qiyaasta ugu fiican ee Ti02 / zeolite photocatalyst ay tahay 1.5g/L iyo waqtiga falcelinta waa 4h oo hoos yimaada shucaaca ultraviolet.Heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah waxay gaari kartaa 98.92%.Saamaynta ka saarista birta sare iyo nano-chin dioxide ee hoos yimaada iftiinka ultraviolet ee phenol iyo nitrogen ammonia ayaa la darsay.Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia uu yahay 97.5% marka pH=9.0 lagu dabaqo xalalka nitrogen ee ammonia oo leh fiirsashada 50mg/L, taas oo ah 7.8% iyo 22.5% ka sarreeya tan birta sare ama Chine dioxide oo keliya.
Habka oxidation Catalytic wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka hufnaanta sare ee nadiifinta, habka fudud, aagga hoose ee yar, iwm.Dhibaatada codsigu waa sida looga hortago luminta kicinta iyo ilaalinta daxalka ee qalabka.
⑤ Habka oksidaynta kiimikaad
Habka oksaydheynta korantada waxaa loola jeedaa habka looga saarayo wasakhowga biyaha iyadoo la isticmaalayo koronto-oxidation leh firfircooni firfircoon.Qodobbada saameeya waa cufnaanta hadda jirta, heerka qulqulka qulqulka, wakhtiga ka bixida iyo wakhtiga xalka dhibicda.
oksaydhka korantada ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee ammonia-nitrogen ee ku jira unugga korantada ee wareegga wareegga ah ayaa la darsay, halkaas oo toganku yahay Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 korantada shabakadda iyo taban waa koronta shabakadda Ti.Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan in marka fiirsashada chloride ion ay tahay 400mg / L, xoojinta nitrogen ammonia ee bilowga ah waa 40mg / L, heerka socodka saameyntu waa 600mL / min, cufnaanta hadda waa 20mA / cm, iyo waqtiga elektrolytic waa 90min, ammonia heerka saarista nitrogen waa 99.37%.Waxay muujinaysaa in oksaydhka elektrolytka ee ammonia-nitrogen ee biyaha wasakhda ah ay leedahay rajo codsi oo wanaagsan.
3. Habka saarista nitrogen-ka-biochemical
①dhammaan nitrification iyo denitrification
Nitrification-ka oo dhan iyo denitrification waa nooc ka mid ah habka bayoolojiga kaas oo si weyn loo isticmaali jiray wakhti dheer hadda.Waxay u beddeshaa nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen iyada oo loo marayo falcelin taxane ah sida nitrification iyo denitrification hoos yimaada ficilka noolaha kala duwan, si loo gaaro ujeedada daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah.Habka nitrification iyo denitrification si meesha looga saaro nitrogen ammonia wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu maro laba marxaladood:
Falcelinta nitrification: Fal-celinta nitrifishinka waxaa lagu dhammaystiraa microorganisms aerobic autotrophic.Xaaladda hawada hawada, nitrogen-ka aan organic waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida isha nitrogen si loogu beddelo NH4+ NO2-, ka dibna waxaa loo yaqaan 'NO3-.Habka nitrification waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba marxaladood.Marxaladda labaad, nitrite waxa loo beddelaa nitrate (NO3-) iyadoo bakteeriyada nitrifying, iyo nitrite waxa loo beddelaa nitrate (NO3-) iyadoo bakteeriyada nitrifying.
Dareen-celinta Denitrification: Dareen-celinta Denitrification waa habka ay bakteeriyadu u diiddo inay hoos u dhigto nitrite nitrogen iyo nitrate nitrogen ilaa nitrogen gaseous (N2) ee gobolka hypoxia.Bakteeriyada diida waa unugyo heterotrophic, kuwaas oo intooda badan iska leh bakteeriyada amphictic.Xaaladda hypoxia, waxay u isticmaalaan ogsijiinta nitrate-ka sida aqbalaha elektaroonigga ah iyo walxaha organic (Qaybta BOD ee bullaacadaha) sida ku-deeqaha elektarooniga ah si ay u bixiyaan tamar iyo in la oksijiyeen oo loo xasiliyo.
Nidaamka nitrification oo dhan iyo codsiyada injineernimada denitrification inta badan waxaa ka mid ah AO, A2O, godka oksaydhka, iwm.
Habka nitrification iyo denitrification oo dhan ayaa leh faa'iidooyinka saameyn xasilloon, hawlgal fudud, ma jirto wasakh sare iyo qiimo jaban.Habkani waxa kale oo uu leeyahay qaar ka mid ah cilladaha, sida isha kaarboonka waa in lagu daraa marka saamiga C / N ee biyaha wasakhda ah uu hooseeyo, shuruudaha heerkulku waa mid adag, waxtarka ayaa hooseeya heerkulka hooseeya, aaggu waa weyn yahay, baahida oksijiinta waa weyn yahay, iyo qaar ka mid ah walxaha waxyeelada leh sida ions birta culus waxay saameyn cadaadis ah ku leeyihiin microorganisms, kuwaas oo u baahan in la saaro ka hor inta aan habka bayoolojiga la fulin.Intaa waxaa dheer, xoojinta sare ee nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku leedahay habka nitrification.Sidaa darteed, pretreatment waa in la sameeyaa ka hor daawaynta sare-saarista ammonia nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ah si fiirsashada of ammonia nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ahi ka yar tahay 500mg/L.Habka bayoolojiga ee dhaqameedku wuxuu ku habboon yahay daaweynta hoose ee ammonia nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka kooban maadada organic, sida wasakhda gudaha, biyaha wasakhda kiimikada, iwm.
②Nitrification iyo denitrification (SND) isku mar ah
Marka nitrification iyo denitrification si wada jir ah loo fuliyo isla reactor, waxaa loo yaqaan denitrification simultaneous (SND).Ogsajiinta kala diri ee biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa xaddidaya heerka faafinta si loo soo saaro qulqulka oksijiinta kala diri ee aagga microevironment ee floc microbial ama biofilm, taas oo ka dhigaysa qulqulka oksijiinta kala diri dusha sare ee floc microbial ama biofilm ku habboon koritaanka iyo faafinta bakteeriyada nitrifying aerobic iyo bakteeriyada ammonium.Marka ay sii qoto-dheeraato qulqulka ama xuubabka, waxa ay hoos u dhigtaa fiirsashada ogsijiinta kala diri, taas oo keenta aagga anoxic halkaas oo bakteeriyada diida ay ku badan tahay.Sidaas darteed samaynta dheefshiidka isku mar ah iyo habka denitrification.Qodobbada saameeya dheefshiidka isku mar ah iyo denitrification waa qiimaha PH, heerkulka, alkalinity, isha kaarboon organic, oxygen kala diri iyo da'da dhoobada.
Nitrification / denitrification isku mar ah ayaa ka dhex jiray godka Carrousel oxidation, iyo uruurinta ogsijiinta kala diri ee u dhaxaysa impeller-ka hawada ku jira ee Carrousel oxidation ditch si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa hoos u dhacay, iyo oksijiinta kala diri ee qaybta hoose ee qashinka Carrousel oxidation ayaa ka hooseeya kan qaybta sare. .Samaynta iyo isticmaalka heerarka nitrate nitrogen ee qayb kasta oo ka mid ah kanaalka ayaa ku dhowaad siman, iyo xoojinta nitrogen ammonia ee kanaalka had iyo jeer waa mid aad u hooseeya, taas oo muujinaysa in falcelinta nitrification iyo denitrification ay isku mar ku dhacaan kanaalka Carrousel oxidation.
Daraasada ku saabsan daaweynta bulaacada gudaha waxay muujineysaa in CODCR ay sareeyso, ay aad u dhameystiran tahay denitrification iyo ka saarista TN.Saamaynta ogsajiinta kala diri ee nitrification isku mar ah iyo denitrification waa weyn.Marka ogsijiinta la kala diro lagu xakameeyo 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, wadarta guud ee ka saarista nitrogen waa mid wanaagsan.Isla mar ahaantaana, habka nitrification iyo denitrification wuxuu badbaadiyaa reactor-ka, gaaban wakhtiga falcelinta, wuxuu leeyahay isticmaalka tamarta yar, wuxuu badbaadiyaa maalgashiga, waana sahlan tahay in la ilaaliyo qiimaha pH.
③ Dheefshiid gaaban iyo ilbaxnimo
Isla reactor, bakteeriyada ammonia oxidizing ayaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u oksijiso ammonia ilaa nitrite xaaladaha aerobic, ka dibna nitrite si toos ah ayaa loo denitrified si loo soo saaro nitrogen leh walxaha organic ama isha kaarboon dibadda ah sida ku-deeqaha elektarooniga ah ee xaaladaha hypoxia.Saamaynta saamaynta nitrification-ga-gaaban iyo denitrification waa heerkulka, ammonia lacag la'aan ah, qiimaha pH iyo ogsijiinta milmay.
Saamaynta heerkulku ku leeyahay nitrification-ga gaaban ee wasakhda degmada oo aan lahayn biyaha badda iyo wasakhda degmada oo leh 30% biyaha badda.Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in: bulaacada degmada ee aan lahayn biyaha badda, kordhinta heerkulka ayaa ku habboon in la gaaro nitrification-gaaban.Marka saamiga biyaha badda ee bulaacada gudaha ay tahay 30%, nitrifimka muddada-gaaban ayaa si ka wanaagsan loogu gaari karaa xaaladaha heerkulka dhexdhexaadka ah.Jaamacadda Delft ee Teknolojiyadda waxay horumarisay habka SHARON, isticmaalka heerkulka sare (qiyaastii 30-4090) waxay u horseedaa badinta bakteeriyada nitrite, si bakteeriyada nitritku ay u lumiso tartanka, iyada oo la xakameynayo da'da dhoobada si loo baabi'iyo bakteeriyada nitrite, sidaas darteed. in falcelinta nitrification ee marxaladda nitrite.
Iyada oo ku saleysan farqiga u dhexeeya xiriirka ogsijiinta ee u dhexeeya bakteeriyada nitrite iyo bakteeriyada nitrite, Shaybaarka Gent Microbial Ecology Sheybaarka ayaa horumariyay geeddi-socodka OLAND si loo gaaro ururinta nitrogen nitrite iyadoo la xakameynayo ogsijiinta milmay si loo baabi'iyo bakteeriyada nitrite.
Natiijooyinka tijaabada tijaabada ah ee daaweynta coking biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrification-gaaban iyo denitrification ayaa muujinaya in marka saamaynta COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN iyo fiirsashada phenol ay yihiin 1201.6,510.4,540.1 iyo 110.4mg/L, celceliska dareeraha COD, nitrogen ammonia ,Xoojinta TN iyo phenol waa 197.1,14.2,181.5 iyo 0.4mg/L, siday u kala horreeyaan.Heerarka ka saarista u dhigma waxay ahaayeen 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% iyo 99.6%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Nitrification-ga gaaban iyo geeddi-socodka denitrification ma maraan marxaladda nitrate-ka, badbaadinta isha kaarboonka ee looga baahan yahay ka saarista nitrogen noolaha.Waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin gaar ah biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia oo leh saamiga C/N hooseeya.Nitrification-ga gaaban iyo denitrification waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka dhoobo yar, waqti gaaban oo jawaab celin ah iyo badbaadinta mugga reactor.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nitrification-ga gaaban iyo denitrification waxay u baahan yihiin ururin xasilloon oo waara ee nitrit, markaa sida si wax ku ool ah loo joojiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa bakteeriyada nitrifying ayaa noqda furaha.
④ Anaerobic ammonia oxidation
Anaerobic ammoxidation waa nidaam ogsaydhsiin toos ah ee nitrogen ammonia ilaa nitrogen by bakteeriyada autotrophic ee hoos timaada xaaladda hypoxia, oo leh nitrogen nitrous ama nitrogen nitrous sida aqbalaha elektarooniga ah.
Saamaynta heerkulka iyo PH ee dhaqdhaqaaqa noolaha ee anammoX ayaa la darsay.Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in heerkulka falcelinta ugu fiican uu ahaa 30 ℃ iyo pH 7.8.Suurtagalnimada fal-celinta ammoX anaerobic ee lagu daweynayo milix badan iyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ee xoogga leh ayaa la darsay.Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in cusbada sare ay si weyn u joojisay dhaqdhaqaaqa anammoX, xannibaaddani waxay ahayd mid dib loo rogi karo.Dhaqdhaqaaqa ammox anaerobic ee dhoobada aan la qabin ayaa 67.5% ka hooseysa tan kontoroolka milixda ee 30g.L-1(NaC1).Dhaqdhaqaaqa anammoX ee dhoobada la habeeyey ayaa 45.1% ka hoosaysay kan kantaroolka.Markii dhoobada la habeeyay laga soo wareejiyay deegaan milix sare leh loona wareejiyay jawi milixeed hooseeya ( brine ma jiro), dhaqdhaqaaqa ammoX anaerobic ayaa kordhay 43.1%.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, reactor-ku wuxuu u nugul yahay inuu shaqeeyo hoos u dhac marka uu ku socdo milix badan muddo dheer.
Marka la barbar dhigo habka bayooloji ee soo jireenka ah, anaerobic ammoX waa tignoolajiyada ka saarida nitrogen noolaha oo ka dhaqaale badan oo aan lahayn il kaarboon oo dheeri ah, baahida ogsijiinta oo yar, looma baahna reagen si ay u dhexdhexaadiso, iyo soosaarka dhoobada yar.Khasaaraha ammox anaerobic waa in xawaaraha falcelintu uu yahay mid gaabis ah, mugga reactor-ku waa weyn yahay, isha kaarboonkuna uma wanaagsana amMOX anaerobic, kaas oo muhiimad wax ku ool ah u leh xallinta biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia oo leh biodegradability liidata.
4.kala soocida iyo adsorption habka ka saarida nitrogen
① habka kala soocida xuubka
Habka kala-soocidda membrane waa in la isticmaalo xajinta xulashada xuubabka si loo kala saaro qaybaha dareeraha, si loo gaaro ujeedada ka saarista nitrogen ammonia.Oo ay ku jiraan osmosis-ka dambe, nanofiltration, xuubka dhegta- dhegaha iyo electrodialysis.Qodobbada saameeya kala-soocidda xuubka waa sifooyinka xuubka, cadaadiska ama korantada, qiimaha pH, heerkulka iyo xoojinta nitrogen ammonia.
Marka loo eego tayada biyaha ee ammonia nitrogen-ka biyaha wasakhda ah ee uu sii daayo smelter naadirka ah, tijaabada osmosis ee rogaal celiska ah waxaa lagu sameeyay biyaha wasakhda ah ee NH4C1 iyo NaCI.Waxaa la ogaaday in isla xaalado isku mid ah, osmosis-ka roga uu leeyahay heerka sare ee saarista NaCI, halka NHCl ay leedahay heer sare oo wax soo saarka biyaha.Heerka saarista NH4C1 waa 77.3% ka dib daawaynta osmosis ee rogaal celiska ah, taas oo loo isticmaali karo sidii hore loogu daawayn lahaa biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia.Tiknoolajiyada osmosis-ka roga waxay badbaadin kartaa tamarta, xasilloonida kulaylka wanaagsan, laakiin caabbinta chlorine, caabbinta wasakhowga ayaa liidata.
Nidaamka kala soocida xuubka nanofiltration biochemical ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu daweeyo wasakhda qashin-qubka, sidaa darteed 85% ~ 90% dareeraha qulqulaya ayaa la soo daayay si waafaqsan heerka, kaliya 0% ~ 15% dareeraha bulaacadaha iyo dhoobada ayaa lagu soo celiyay haanta qashinka.Ozturki iyo al.waxaa lagu daaweeyay wasakhda wasakhda qashinka ee Odayeri ee dalka Turkiga xuubka nanofiltration, iyo heerka saarista nitrogen ammonia wuxuu ahaa ilaa 72%.Xuubka Nanofiltration wuxuu u baahan yahay cadaadis hoose marka loo eego xuubka osmosis-ka, fududahay in la shaqeeyo.
Nidaamka xuubabka ka saara ammonia waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee leh nitrogen ammonia sare.Nitrojiinka ammonia ee biyaha ku jira wuxuu leeyahay dheelitirka soo socda: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O oo shaqaynaysa, biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka kooban ammonia waxay ku qulqulayaan qolofka qaybta xuubka, iyo dareeraha aashitada nuugaya waxay ku qulqulayaan tuubada xuubka module.Marka PH ee biyaha wasakhda ahi korodho ama heerkulku sare u kaco, dheelitirnaanta ayaa u wareegaysa midig, iyo ammonium ion NH4- wuxuu noqdaa gaaska bilaashka ah ee NH3.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, NH3 gaasku wuxuu geli karaa wajiga dareeraha nuugista aashitada ee tuubada laga soo bilaabo wajiga biyaha wasakhda ee qolofka iyada oo loo marayo micropores dusha sare ee fiber-ka bannaan, kaas oo nuugaya xalka acid isla markiiba wuxuu noqdaa NH4-ionic.Ku hay PH ee biyaha wasakhda ah ka sarreeya 10, heerkulkana ka sarreeya 35 ° C (ka hooseeya 50 ° C), si NH4 ee marxaladda biyaha wasakhda ah ay si joogto ah u noqoto NH3 una guurto wejiga dareeraha nuugista.Natiijo ahaan, xoojinta nitrogen ammonia ee dhinaca biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa si joogto ah hoos ugu dhacay.Marxaladda dareeraha nuugista asiidhka, sababtoo ah waxaa jira aashito iyo NH4- oo keliya, waxay samaysaa milix ammonium ah oo aad u saafi ah, waxayna gaartaa xaddi gaar ah ka dib wareegga joogtada ah, kaas oo dib loo warshadeyn karo.Dhinaca kale, isticmaalka tignoolajiyadani waxay si weyn u wanaajin kartaa heerka ka saarida nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah, dhinaca kale, waxay yarayn kartaa wadarta kharashka hawlgalka ee nidaamka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah.
② Habka elektrodialysis
Electrodialysis waa hab lagaga saaro adkaha kala milmay ee xalalka aqueous iyadoo la isticmaalayo danab u dhexeeya lammaane xuub.Marka la eego ficilka danab, amooniyamyada ammonia iyo ions kale ee ku jira ammonia-nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa lagu kobciyaa xuubka biyaha xoogga leh ee ammonia ku jira, si loo gaaro ujeedada ka saarista.
Habka electrodialysis waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee aan nooleyn iyadoo ay ku badan tahay nitrogen ammonia waxaana lagu gaaray natiijooyin wanaagsan.Wixii 2000-3000mg / L ammonia nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ah, heerka saarista nitrogen ammonia wuxuu noqon karaa in ka badan 85%, iyo biyaha ammonia ee xoogga leh waxaa la heli karaa 8.9%.Qadarka korontada ee la isticmaalo inta lagu jiro hawlgalka electrodialysis waxay u dhigantaa qadarka nitrogen ammonia ee biyaha wasakhda ah.Daawaynta Electrodialysis ee biyaha wasakhda ah kuma koobna qiimaha pH, heerkulka iyo cadaadiska, wayna fududahay in la shaqeeyo.
Faa'iidooyinka kala-soocidda xuubka ayaa ah dib u soo kabashada sare ee nitrogen ammonia, hawlgal fudud, saameyn daawaynta deggan oo aan lahayn wasakh labaad.Si kastaba ha noqotee, daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee nitrogen ammonia, marka laga reebo xuubka deammoniated, xuubka kale waa sahlan tahay in la qiyaaso oo la xiro, dib u soo kabashada iyo dib u dhaqista ayaa soo noqnoqda, kordhinta kharashka daaweynta.Sidaa darteed, habkani wuxuu aad ugu habboon yahay ka-hortaynta ama biyaha wasakhda ah ee ammonia nitrogen-ka-fiirsashada hoose.
③ Habka sarrifka ion
Habka sarrifka Ion waa hab looga saaro nitrogen ammonia biyaha wasakhda ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab leh adsorption xoog leh oo ah ammonia ions.Walxaha xamasinta sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa kaarboon firfircoon, zeolite, montmorillonite iyo resin beddelka.Zeolite waa nooc ka mid ah silico-aluminate oo leh qaab dhismeed saddex-cabbir ah, qaab dhismeedka daloolka joogtada ah iyo godadka, kuwaas oo clinoptilolite uu leeyahay awood adsorption xoog leh oo loogu talagalay ion ammonia iyo qiimo jaban, sidaas darteed waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sida walxaha xayeysiiska ah ee ammonia nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ah. xagga injineernimada.Qodobbada saameeya saameynta daaweynta ee clinoptilolite waxaa ka mid ah cabbirka walxaha, xoojinta nitrogen ammonia, waqtiga xiriirka, qiimaha pH iyo wixii la mid ah.
Saamaynta xayeysiinta zeolite ee nitrogen ammonia waa mid cad, oo ay ku xigto ranite, iyo saameynta ciidda iyo ceramisite waa mid liidata.Habka ugu muhiimsan ee looga saaro nitrogen ammonia zeolite waa beddelka ion, iyo saameynta xayeysiinta jireed waa mid aad u yar.Saamaynta is-weydaarsiga ion ee ceramite, ciidda iyo ranite waxay la mid tahay saameynta xayeysiinta jirka.Awoodda xayeysiiska ee afarta buuxinta waxay hoos u dhacday korodhka heerkulka inta u dhaxaysa 15-35 ℃, oo waxay korodhay korodhka qiimaha pH ee xadka 3-9.Isku dheelitirnaanta adsorption ayaa la gaaray 6 saac kadib.
Suurtagalnimada ka saarida nitrogen ammonia ee wasakhda qashinka qashinka iyadoo la adeegsanayo zeolite adsorption ayaa la darsay.Natiijooyinka tijaabada ah waxay muujinayaan in garaam kasta oo zeolite uu leeyahay awood xaddidan oo xaddidan oo ah 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, marka xajmiga walxaha zeolite uu yahay 30-16 mesh, heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia wuxuu gaaraa 78.5%, iyo isla waqti isku mid ah xayeysiinta, qiyaasta iyo Cabbirka walxaha zeolite-ka, ayaa sare u kaca saameynta nitrogen ee ammonia, ayaa sareeysa heerka xayeysiinta, waxaana suurtagal ah zeolite sida adsorbent si uu uga saaro nitrogen ammonia ee leachate.Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa la tilmaamayaa in heerka xayeysiinta ee nitrogen ammonia by zeolite uu hooseeyo, wayna ku adag tahay zeolite si ay u gaarto awoodda xajinta saturation ee hawlgalka dhabta ah.
Saamaynta ka saarista sariirta zeolite-ka noolaha ee nitrogen, COD iyo wasakhaha kale ee wasakhda tuulo la mid ah ayaa la darsay.Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in heerka ka saarista nitrogen ammonia ee sariirta zeolite noolaha ay ka badan tahay 95%, ka saarista nitrogen ee nitrate-ka ayaa si weyn u saameeya wakhtiga joogitaanka haydarooliga.
Habka sarrifka ion wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka maalgashiga yar yar, habka fudud, hawlgal ku habboon, dareen la'aanta sunta iyo heerkulka, iyo dib u isticmaalka zeolite by dib u soo kabashada.Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka la daaweynayo qulqulka sare ee ammonia nitrogen biyaha wasakhda ah, dib-u-soo-nooleynta ayaa soo noqnoqda, taas oo keeneysa dhibta hawlgalka, sidaas darteed waxay u baahan tahay in lagu daro hababka kale ee daaweynta nitrogen ammonia, ama loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo biyo-qashin-yar oo ammonia nitrogen ah.
Jumlada 4A Soosaaraha Zeolite iyo Alaab-qeybiye |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-10-2024
