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AES-70 / AE2S / SLES
AES waxay si fudud ugu milmi kartaa biyaha, oo leh sun-saar heersare ah, qoynta, emulsification, kala firdhinta iyo guryaha xumbo, saamaynta dhumucda wanaagsan, iswaafajinta wanaagsan, waxqabadka biodegradation wanaagsan (heerka hoos u dhaca ilaa 99%), waxqabadka dhaqidda khafiifka ah ma dhaawici doono maqaarka, xanaaq yar maqaarka iyo indhaha, waa surfactant anionic aad u fiican.
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Uriya
Waa iskudhis organic ah oo ka kooban kaarboon, nitrogen, oxygen iyo hydrogen, waa mid ka mid ah iskudhisyada organic ugu fudud, waana wax soo saarka ugu muhiimsan ee nitrogen-ka kooban ee dheef-shiid kiimikaadka borotiinka iyo burburka naasleyda iyo kalluunka qaar, iyo urea waxaa lagu farsameeyaa ammonia iyo carbon. dioxide ee warshadaha ku jira xaalado gaar ah.
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Wakiilka Cadaynta Fluorescent (FWA)
Waa iskudhis leh waxtar badan oo tiro aad u sarreeya, sida ay u kala horreeyaan 1 milyan ilaa 100,000 oo qaybood, taas oo si wax ku ool ah u caddayn karta substrate-ka dabiiciga ah ama kuwa cad (sida dunta, waraaqaha, balaastikada, dahaarka).Waxay nuugi kartaa iftiinka violet-ka oo leh mowjad dhererkeedu yahay 340-380nm waxayna soo saartaa iftiin buluug ah oo leh hirar dhererkiisu yahay 400-450nm, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah u buuxin kara jaalaha ah ee uu keeno cilladda iftiinka buluugga ah ee alaabta cad.Waxay hagaajin kartaa caddaanka iyo dhalaalka walxaha cad.Walaxda caddaymaha ee fluorescent lafteedu waa mid aan midab lahayn ama midab huruud ah (cagaaran), waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa samaynta waraaqaha, dunta, saabuunta synthetic, bacaha, dahaarka iyo warshadaha kale ee gudaha iyo dibadda.Waxa jira 15 nooc oo aasaasi ah iyo ku dhawaad 400 oo qaab-dhismeedka kiimikaad oo ah wakiilada caddaynta ee fluorescent oo la warshadeeyay.
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Sodium Carbonate
Dambaska soodhaha ee isku jira, laakiin waxaa lagu kala saaraa milix, ma aha alkali.Sodium carbonate waa budo cad, aan dhadhamin oo aan ur lahayn, si fudud ugu milmi biyaha, xalalka aqueous waa alkaline xooggan, hawada qoyan waxay nuugi doontaa qashinka qoyaanka, qayb ka mid ah sodium bicarbonate.Diyaarinta sodium carbonate waxaa ka mid ah habka alkali ee wadajirka ah, habka ammonia alkali, habka Lubran, iwm.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate waa iskudhis cad, granular, saxan ama kiristaalo columnar, ur ammonia.Ammonium bicarbonate waa nooc ka mid ah carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate waxay leedahay ammonium ion oo ku jira caanaha kiimikada, waa nooc ka mid ah milixda ammonium, iyo cusbada ammonium-ka lama isku dari karo alkali, markaa ammonium bicarbonate waa in aan la isku raacin sodium hydroxide ama calcium hydroxide. .
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Sodium bicarbonate
Iskudhis aan organic ahayn, budo crystalline cad, aan ur lahayn, cusbo leh, biyo ku milmay.Waxay si tartiib ah u jajabisaa hawada qoyan ama hawo kulul, waxay soo saartaa kaarboon dioxide, taas oo si buuxda u jajaban marka la kululeeyo 270 ° C. Marka ay gaarto aashitada, si xoog leh ayey u jajabisaa, soo saartaa carbon dioxide.
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Sodium sulfite
Sodium sulfite, budo crystalline cad, ku milmay biyaha, aan milmin ee ethanol.Koloriin aan milmi karin iyo ammonia waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida stabilizer fiber macmal ah, wakiilka bleaching dharka, soo saare sawir qaade, dheeha bleaching deoxidizer, udgoonka iyo dheeha yareeya, wakiilka lignin saarista warqad samaynta.
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Sodium Hydrogen Sulfite
Dhab ahaantii, sodium bisulfite ma aha xarun run ah, laakiin isku dhafka cusbada, marka lagu milo biyaha, waxay soo saartaa xal ka kooban ion sodium iyo sodium bisulfite ions.Waxay ku timaadaa qaab kiristaalo cad ama jaale-cad oo leh ur ah sulfur dioxide.
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Calcium Oksaydh
lime degdega ah guud ahaan waxa ku jira lime aad u kulul, dayactirka lime ee kulaylka badan waa mid gaabis ah, haddii koollada dambaska dhagaxa ay mar kale adkaato, waxay keeni doontaa dildilaaca balaadhinta balaadhinta gabowga awgeed.Si loo baabi'iyo dhibaatadan gubasho lime, lime waa in sidoo kale "da'da" ilaa 2 toddobaad ka dib dayactirka.Qaabku waa caddaan (ama cawl, bunni, cad), amorphous, oo nuugaya biyaha iyo kaarboon laba ogsaydh hawada ka imanaya.Calcium oxide waxay la falgashaa biyo si ay u samayso kalsiyum hydroxide waxayna bixisaa kulayl.Ku milmay biyo acidic ah, oo aan lagu milmin khamriga.Maqaallada daxalka ah ee alkaline-ka ah, koodhka khatarta qaranka :95006.Lime waxay si kimikal ah ula falgashaa biyo waxayna isla markiiba kulaylaysaa heerkul ka sarreeya 100°C.
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Potassium Carbonate
Walax aan organic, milmay sida budo crystalline cad, milmay biyaha, alkaline in xal aqueous, aan milmin ee ethanol, acetone, iyo ether.Hygroscopic xooggan, oo hawada soo gaadha waxay nuugi kartaa kaarboon laba ogsaydh iyo biyo, galay potassium bicarbonate.
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Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS/LAS/ABS)
Waa dareeraha loo yaqaan 'anionic surfactant', kaas oo ah budo jaale ah oo cad ama khafiif ah, dareere viscous ah oo bunni ah, ay adagtahay in la beddelo, si sahlan loogu milmo biyaha, oo leh qaab-dhismeedka silsiladda laamood (ABS) iyo qaab-dhismeedka silsilad toosan (LAS), Qaab dhismeedka silsilad laamoodku wuu yar yahay biodegradability-ga, wuxuu sababi doonaa wasakhaynta deegaanka, iyo qaab dhismeedka silsiladda tooska ah way fududahay in la baabiiyo, biodegradability-ku wuxuu ka weynaan karaa 90%, heerka wasakhowga deegaanku waa yar yahay.
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Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid (DBAS/LAS/LABS)
Dodecyl benzene waxaa lagu helaa uumi chloroalkyl ama α-olefin leh benzene.Dodecyl benzene waxaa lagu daraa sulfur trioxide ama qiiqa sulfuric acid.Dareeraha viscous huruud ah ama bunni ah, biyo ku milmay, kulul marka lagu qaso biyo.Waxoogaa ku milmay benzene, xylene, milmaha methanol, ethanol, alkohol propyl, ether iyo dareerayaasha kale ee organic.Waxay leedahay hawlaha emulsification, fidinta iyo wasakhaynta.
