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Uriya
Waa iskudhis organic ah oo ka kooban kaarboon, nitrogen, oxygen iyo hydrogen, waa mid ka mid ah iskudhisyada organic ugu fudud, waana wax soo saarka ugu muhiimsan ee nitrogen-ka kooban ee dheef-shiid kiimikaadka borotiinka iyo burburka naasleyda iyo kalluunka qaar, iyo urea waxaa lagu farsameeyaa ammonia iyo carbon. dioxide ee warshadaha ku jira xaalado gaar ah.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate waa iskudhis cad, granular, saxan ama kiristaalo columnar, ur ammonia.Ammonium bicarbonate waa nooc ka mid ah carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate waxay leedahay ammonium ion oo ku jira caanaha kiimikada, waa nooc ka mid ah milixda ammonium, iyo cusbada ammonium-ka lama isku dari karo alkali, markaa ammonium bicarbonate waa in aan la isku raacin sodium hydroxide ama calcium hydroxide. .
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Potassium Carbonate
Walax aan organic, milmay sida budo crystalline cad, milmay biyaha, alkaline in xal aqueous, aan milmin ee ethanol, acetone, iyo ether.Hygroscopic xooggan, oo hawada soo gaadha waxay nuugi kartaa kaarboon laba ogsaydh iyo biyo, galay potassium bicarbonate.
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Potassium chloride
Iskudhis aan organic ahayn oo u eg milix muuqaal ah, leh crystal cad oo aad u milix badan, ur aan lahayn, iyo dhadhan aan sun ahayn.Ku milmay biyaha, ether, glycerol iyo alkali, wax yar oo ku milma ethanol, laakiin aan lagu milmin ethanol anhydrous, hygroscopic, si sahlan loo kariyo;Ku milanka biyaha ayaa si degdeg ah u kordha kororka heerkulka, oo inta badan waxay dib ugu soo noqotaa cusbada sodium si ay u sameeyaan cusbo potassium cusub.
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Ferrous Sulfate
Ferrous sulfate waa walax aanorganic ah, kristaliin hydrate waa heptahydrate heerkulka caadiga ah, caadi ahaan loo yaqaan "cagaaran cagaaran", crystal cagaaran iftiinka, cimilada hawo qalalan, oksaydhka dusha sare ee sulfate birta aasaasiga ah ee hawada qoyan, at 56.6 ℃ si ay u noqdaan tetrahydrate, at 65 ℃ si ay u noqdaan monohydrate.Ferrous sulfate waxay ku milmi kartaa biyaha waxayna ku dhowdahay inaan lagu milmi karin ethanol.Xalkeeda aqueous ayaa si tartiib ah hawada ugu oksaydhsiiya marka ay qabowdahay, oo si degdeg ah oksidizes marka uu kulul yahay.Ku darida alkali ama iftiinka iftiinka waxay soo dedejin kartaa oksaydhkeeda.Cufnaanta qaraabada ah (d15) waa 1.897.
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Ammonium chloride
Ammonium cusbada ee hydrochloric acid, inta badan ka-soo-saarka warshadaha alkali.Nitrojiinka ku jira 24% ~ 26%, caddaan ama wax yar oo huruud ah ama octahedral crystals yar yar, budada iyo granular laba nooc oo qiyaas ah, granular ammonium chloride ma fududa in la nuugo qoyaan, fududahay in la kaydiyo, iyo ammonium chloride budada ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida aasaasiga ah. bacriminta soo saarista bacriminta isku dhafan.Waa bacriminta aashitada jireed, taas oo aan lagu marsan ciidda acidic ah iyo ciidda saliin-alkali sababtoo ah koloriin badan, waana inaan loo isticmaalin bacriminta abuurka, bacriminta seedling ama bacriminta caleenta.
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Magnesium Chloride
Walax aan organic ahayn oo ka kooban 74.54% koloriin iyo 25.48% magnesium oo inta badan ka kooban lix molecules ee biyaha crystalline, MgCl2.6H2O.Monoclinic crystal, ama milix leh, waxay leeyihiin wax daxal ah.Magnesium oxide waxa ay samaysaa marka biyaha iyo hydrogen chloride ay lumiyaan wakhtiga kululaynta.Waxoogaa ku milmay acetone, ku milmay biyaha, ethanol, methanol, pyridine.Waxay deleques iyo sababa qiiq hawada qoyan, iyo sublimates marka ay caddahay kulul socodka gaaska ee hydrogen.
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4A Zeolite
Waa alumino-silicic acid dabiiciga ah, macdanta cusbada ee gubanaysa, sababtoo ah biyaha gudaha crystal ayaa la soo saaray, soo saarista ifafaale la mid ah xumbo iyo karkarinta, taas oo loo yaqaan "dhagaxa karkaraya" sawirka, loo yaqaan "zeolite". ”, oo loo isticmaalo sidii saabuunta aan fosfooraska-free kaaliyaha ah, halkii laga isticmaali lahaa sodium tripolyphosphate;Batroolka iyo warshadaha kale, waxaa loo isticmaalaa qalajinta, fuuqbaxa iyo nadiifinta gaaska iyo dareeraha, iyo sidoo kale kicinta iyo jilciya biyaha.
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Citric acid
Waa acid organic ah oo muhiim ah, crystal aan midab lahayn, ur lahayn, waxay leedahay dhadhan dhanaan xoog leh, si fudud u milmay biyaha, inta badan loo isticmaalo warshadaha cuntada iyo cabitaanka, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilka dhanaan, wakiilka xawaash iyo preservative, preservative, sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in kiimikaad, warshadaha qurxinta sida antioxidant-ka, balaastikada, saabuunta, citric acid anhydrous sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa warshadaha cuntada iyo cabitaanka.
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Sodium Silicate
Sodium silicate waa nooc ka mid ah silicate inorganic, oo caadi ahaan loo yaqaan pyrophorine.Na2O·nSiO2 ee lagu sameeyay shubista qalalan ayaa ah mid baaxad weyn oo hufan, halka Na2O·nSiO2 ay samaysay deminta biyaha qoyan ay tahay granular, kaas oo la isticmaali karo oo keliya marka loo beddelo dareeraha Na2O·nSiO2.Alaabta adag ee Na2O·nSiO2 ee caadiga ah waa:
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Sodium Dihydrogen Fosfat
Mid ka mid ah cusbada sodium ee phosphoric acid, milix aashitada inorganic, oo ku milma biyaha, ku dhawaad aan milmi karin ethanol.Sodium dihydrogen phosphate waa walxo ceeriin ah oo loogu talagalay soo saarista sodium hempetaphosphate iyo sodium pyrophosphate.Waa crystal prismatic monoclinic hufan oo aan midab lahayn oo leh cufnaanta qaraabada ah 1.52g/cm².
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Dibasic Sodium Phosphate
Waa mid ka mid ah cusbada sodium ee phosphoric acid.Waa budo cad oo deliquescent ah, oo ku milma biyaha, iyo xalka aqueous waa alkaline daciif ah.Fosfooraska disodium hydrogen phosphate waa sahlan tahay in ay hawada ku jirto, heerkulka qolka lagu dhejiyo hawada si ay u lumiso qiyaastii 5 biyo crystal si ay u sameeyaan heptahydrate, kuleyl ilaa 100 ℃ si ay u lumiyaan dhammaan biyaha kristanta ah ee walxaha anhydrous, burburka galay sodium pyrophosphate at 250 ℃.
