1, kuleyliyaha wuxuu quudiyaa biyaha si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH ee sababta
Maalmahan, kuleyliyeyaasha intooda badan ee Shiinaha waxay isticmaalaan dib-u-kicinta osmosis-ka-soo-saarka biyaha ama sodium ion resin beddelka biyaha jilicsan, beddelka biyaha osmosis demineralized ama sodium ion resin beddelka qiimaha pH ee biyaha la jilicsan yahay inta badan waa mid hooseeya iyo acidic, rodol osmosis demineralized pH qiimaha guud ahaan waa 5-6, Soodhiyam ion resin sarrifka jilcin qiimaha pH biyaha guud ahaan waa 5.5-7.5, si loo xaliyo daxalka ee sahayda biyaha acidic ee kuleyliyaha iyo tuubooyinka, Marka loo eego qodobbada heerka qaranka BG/T1576-2008, pH qiimaha kululeeyaha warshadaha. biyuhu waa inta u dhaxaysa 7-9 iyo qiimaha pH ee biyaha demineralized waa inta u dhaxaysa 8-9.5, sidaas darteed biyaha kuleyliyaha waxay u baahan yihiin inay hagaajiyaan qiimaha pH.
2, mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee lagu daro sodium carbonate si kuleyliyaha quudinta biyaha si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH
Sodium carbonate waxaa badanaa loo yaqaanaa soodhaha, dambaska soodhaha, dambaska soodhaha, alkali dhaqida, oo lagu sifeeyay milix, ma aha alkali, caanaha kimikalka Na2CO3, xaaladaha caadiga ah ee budada cad ama cusbo fiican.Mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee lagu daro sodium carbonate ee kuleyliyaha quudinta biyaha si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH waa in la isticmaalo sodium carbonate si ay u milmaan biyaha oo ay noqoto alkaline, kaas oo ka takhalusi kara kaarboon dioxide ee biyaha quudinta acidic ah oo xalliya daxalka aashitada biyo jilicsan ama milix biyaha kululeeyaha iyo dhuumaha.Sodium carbonate waa electrolyte daciif ah, ku milmay biyaha si ay u sameeyaan xal buffer sodium carbonate iyo sodium bicarbonate, waxaa jira dheelitirka electrolytic ee xalka, iyadoo isticmaalka hydroxide electrolytic ah, dheelitirka sii wadi doonaa in ay u dhaqaaqdo midig, sidaas darteed. pH ee ku jirta falcelinta wax badan iskama beddeleyso.
Habka hydrolysis aasaasiga ah ee sodium carbonate:
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate +H2O water = NaHCO3 sodium bicarbonate +NaOH sodium hydroxide
Habka hydrolysis labaad ee sodium carbonate:
NaHCO3 sodium bicarbonate +H2O biyaha =H2CO3 carbonic acid +NaOH sodium hydroxide
Isla'egta ion-ka aasaasiga ah ee sodium carbonate:
(CO3) 2-carbonic acid +H2O biyaha = HCO3- bicarbonate + OH- hydroxide
Sodium carbonate second hydrolyzed equation:
HCO3- bicarbonate +H2O biyaha =H2CO3 kaarboonka acid +OH- hydroxide
3, mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee lagu daro sodium hydroxide biyaha kululeeyaha si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH
Sodium hydroxide sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaannaa soodhaha caustic, soodhaha caustic soodhaha, soodhaha caustic soodhaha, soodhaha caustic, badiyaa flake cad, caanaha kimikalka NaOH, sodium hydroxide waxay leedahay alkaliin xoog leh, aad u daxalaysa.
Isla'egta ionization ee sodium hydroxide: NaOH=Na++OH-
Ku darista sodium hydroxide ee biyaha kuleyliyaha waxay dejin kartaa filimka difaaca ee dusha sare ee birta, hagaajinta qiimaha pH ee kuleyliyaha biyaha quudinta iyo biyaha foornada, si loo xalliyo daxalka biyaha jilicsan ee acid ama biyaha demineralized. kuleyliyaha iyo dhuumaha, iyo ka ilaalinta qalabka biraha daxalka.
4. Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka isticmaalka sodium carbonate ama sodium hydroxide si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH ee biyaha kuleyliyaha ayaa la barbardhigayaa.
4.1 Xawaaraha kor u qaadista qiimaha pH ee sodium carbonate iyo sodium hydroxide ee biyaha quudinta kuleyliyaha iyo waqtiga ilaalinta saameynta isticmaalku way kala duwan tahay
Xawaaraha ku darida kaarboon-saydhiyaha soodhiyamka biyaha kuleyliyaha si loo kordhiyo qiimaha pH waa ka gaabiyaa kan sodium hydroxide.Sababtoo ah carbonate sodium waxay dhalisaa xal-qaadaha, waxay leedahay isbeddel yar oo xasiloon oo sahlan in la isku hagaajiyo.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanta hagaajinta pH waa xaddidan tahay.Marka la hagaajinayo isla qiimaha pH, qaddarka sodium carbonate wuxuu ka weynaan doonaa kan sodium hydroxide.Saamaynta isticmaalka ayaa la ilaaliyaa wakhti dheer, iyo pH ee biyuhu ma fududa inay hoos u dhacaan.
Sodium hydroxide waa saldhig xooggan iyo koronto xoog leh, sodium hydroxide si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH ee isbeddelku waa weyn yahay, sodium hydroxide ka dib marka lagu daro pH biyaha waa sahlan tahay in la kordhiyo, hagaajiso qiimaha pH si dhakhso ah oo toos ah, laakiin sidoo kale si fudud afgembi ma gelin kartaa wax badan, marka la barbar dhigo sodium carbonate in lagu daro wax badan ka yar gaari kartaa shuruudaha index pH, in uu yahay in la yidhaahdo, inkastoo sodium hydroxide qiimaha pH kordhay, Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qadarka sodium hydroxide lagu daray ma weyna, in uu yahay, ka Awoodda biyaha si ay u baabi'iyaan aashitada kooxda hydroxide wax badan ma kordhiso, pH-ga ayaa dhawaan hoos u dhici doona.
4.2 Dhibaatada ay keento ku darida xad dhaafka ah ee sodium carbonate iyo sodium hydroxide si loo kordhiyo qiimaha pH ee biyaha kuleyliyaha ayaa ka duwan.
Ku darista kaarboon sodium aad u badan biyaha kuleyliyaha si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH waxay kordhin doontaa nuxurka milixda ee biyaha dheriga iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa;Biyaha dheriga waxaa ku jira ion badan oo bicarbonate ah, iyo ion bikarbonateed si fudud ayay u kala go'aan marka la kululeeyo.CO2 waxa ay gashaa kulaylka beddelka iyo biyaha uumi.Sodium carbonate kaliya ma hagaajin karo qiimaha pH ee uumiga iyo uumiga uumiga soo celinta biyaha, laakiin sidoo kale waxay yaraynaysaa qiimaha pH ee uumiga iyo kondensate, daxalaysa beddelka kulaylka iyo dhuumaha kondensate.Sababta ay ion birta ku jirta kondensate uumiga dib ugu soo celinayaan ay ka badan yihiin midabka caadiga ah midabka huruudda ama casaanka.
Ku darista sodium hydroxide aad u badan biyaha foornada si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha pH waxay sababi doontaa alkali biyaha dheriga inay aad u sarreeyaan, biyaha iyo soodhaha ayaa soo muuqan doona.Qadarka sodium hydroxide ma fududa in la xakameeyo, iyo NaOH bilaashka ah ee xad-dhaafka ah waxay sababi doontaa alkalinity qaraabo ah oo weyn, iyo embrittlement alkali waxay sidoo kale sababi doontaa daxalka qalabka.Qoraagu waxa uu arkay taangiga balaastigga ah ee la xoojiyay oo ay ka buuxaan balastar goobta isticmaalaha, kaas oo daxalaystay oo daloola sababtoo ah isticmaalka sodium hydroxide si loo habeeyo qiimaha pH ee debrine.Sodium hydroxide ma hagaajin karo qiimaha pH ee uumiga iyo uumiga soo celinta biyaha, oo ma xakamayn karo daxalka ee uumiga iyo uumiga soo celinta qalabka nidaamka biyaha iyo network tuubooyinka.
4.3 Badbaadada sodium carbonate iyo sodium hydroxide ee loo isticmaalo kuleyliyaha biyaha quudinta si kor loogu qaado qiimaha pH waa ka duwan yahay
Sodium carbonate waa mid khafiif ah, waxaa iska leh walxaha heerka cuntada, kicinta yar, daxalka yar, caadiga ah waxaa lagu taaban karaa gacanta, baahida muddada-dheer ee xidhashada galoofyada.
Sodium hydroxide waa walxo khatar ah, daxalaysa, xalkeeda ama boodhka ku firdhiya maqaarka, gaar ahaan xuubabka xabka, waxay soo saari kartaa qolof jilicsan, waxayna geli kartaa unugyo qoto dheer.Gubashada waxay reebtaa nabar.Ku firdhicida isha, ma aha oo kaliya inay dhaawiciso isha, laakiin sidoo kale waxay dhaawacdaa unugyada qotoda dheer ee isha.Sidaa darteed, hawlwadeenku waa in uu maqaarkiisa mariyaa cadar dhexdhexaad ah iyo hydrophobic, waana in uu xidho dharka shaqada, maaskaro, muraayadaha difaaca, galoofyada caagga ah, galalka caagga ah, kabaha caagga ah ee dheer iyo qalabka kale ee ilaalinta shaqada si uu u qabto shaqo wanaagsan oo ilaalinta shakhsi ahaaneed.
Waxaa jira kiisas isticmaal iyo tijaabo ah oo muujinaya: Sodium hydroxide iyo sodium carbonate ayaa loo istcmaali si kale duwan, ama isku qasan, dhaqaalaheeda iyo saameynteeda ayaa ka wanaagsan isticmaalka pH gaar ah oo kaliya.Marka qiimaha pH ee kuleyliyaha quudinta biyaha la ogaado inay aad u hooseeyaan, qaar ka mid ah sodium hydroxide ayaa si habboon loogu dari karaa si dhakhso ah loo kordhiyo qiimaha pH.Ka dib markii sodium hydroxide si buuxda loo kala diro, qaar ka mid ah carbonate sodium ayaa lagu dari karaa si kor loogu qaado karbonatka biyaha.Tani waxay fududayn kartaa hoos u dhaca qiimaha pH ee biyaha quudinta;Sababtoo ah qadarka sodium carbonate waxaa lagu dhejin karaa in ka badan, awoodda lagu ilaalinayo karbohaydraytyada biyaha ayaa aad u badan, sidaas darteed sida caadiga ah sodium carbonate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu ilaaliyo qiimaha pH ee biyaha iyo biyaha dheriga, kaliya marka qiimaha pH ee biyuhu aad bay u hooseeyaan, qoraagu waxa uu ku talinayaa in la isticmaalo sodium hydroxide si degdeg ah loo kordhiyo qiimaha pH, si ay labaduba u noqdaan kuwo isku dhafan, labadaba dhaqaale iyo saameyn wanaagsan.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-01-2024
